Rat and Mouse are actually not scientific classifications. These words are common names for rodents that look alike to the casual eye.
Rat is used to describe medium-sized rodents with long thin tails. There are many species of rodent that are called Rats -- Kangaroo Rats, Cotton Rats, Norway Rats, Roof Rats (Black Rats), African Pouched Rats, Naked Mole Rats, Wood Rats, Pack Rats, Polynesian Rats and many others. These different rodent species may not be closely related to each other at all!
Mouse is used to describe tiny, sparrow-sized rodents with long thin tails. As with Rats, there are many species of rodents called Mice which may or may not be closely related to each other: House Mice, Field Mice, Deer Mice, Smoky Mice, Spiny Mice, and Door Mice are all called Mice.
So, which Rats and Mice are you talking about? Generally, people are referring to the domestic or pest Rats and Mice, which means Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus), Roof Rats (Rattus rattus), and House Mice (Mus musculus).
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